Emphysema is the world's most dangerous lung disease.
It is caused by infection of the bronchial tubes, and occurs mostly
in adult smokers and those who live in highly polluted areas. It
begins as a small cough, and eventually develops into a widespread
breathing failure.
Emphysema in children as young as Hylie is extremely rare, but
tends to take place in highly polluted areas. Emphysema among adults
in Hylie's neighborhood is very common, thanks to the proximity
of several burning factories that have been there for at least three
generations.
Currently, there is no real cure for emphysema, since doctors still
don't know exactly what causes it. If caught quickly, a victim can
keep the disease from spreading by staying away from polluted air
and cigarettes. But because Hylie was already weakened from anemia,
her condition went unnoticed until the disease was chronic. In the
case of chronic emphysema, the only real cure is to replace the
lung.
Lung surgery is extremely dangerous. In Hylie's case, it was doubly
so because her blood is so thin. It is estimated that only one in
seven lung surgery patients survive the operation, so Hylie was
fully expected to die of emphysema.
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